Hauv Amazon, ntau dua 3 lab tus tib neeg tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm cov minigrids cais. Ntau pua ntawm cov minigrids pub los ntawm diesel gen teeb ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob ywj pheej (IPPs) thiab cov chaw siv hluav taws xob pej xeem hauv cheeb tsam Amazon txhua tus siv los ntawm tsoomfwv cov nyiaj pab uas them 100 feem pua ntawm cov nqi roj. Heev feem ntau, ntau tshaj li ib liter ntawm diesel yog noj nyob rau hauv thauj ib liter ntawm diesel mus rau tej thaj chaw deb thiab tsis yooj yim mus cuag tej thaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv 2023 ib leeg, hlawv cov nyiaj pab rau cov diesel hauv Amazon minigrids yuav emit 1.6 MtCO.2eq, nrog tus nqi roj ntawm $ 2.5 nphom, uas yog sib koom los ntawm txhua tus neeg Brazilians los ntawm Kev Siv Roj Roj. Kev xa hluav taws xob yog nyob ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm kev muab cov roj diesel, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, xav kom cov nroj tsuag diesel hauv qee qhov chaw muaj cov roj tank loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau qhov chaw uas muaj kev nkag mus rau hauv av raug kev txom nyem thaum lub caij los nag, xav tau cov khoom siv roj ntau dua, ib yam li lub nroog Oiapoque tau qhia hauv qab no, uas muaj peev xwm khaws cia ntawm 1.5 lab liters roj, nrog rau kev tswj hwm ntawm 45 hnub. .
Tau ntau xyoo dhau los, kev sim txo qis kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob hauv cov dej ntws thiab cais Amazon cov zos thiab cov nroog tsis tau ua tiav. IPPs nyiam lo rau cov gensets diesel uas lawv paub zoo, nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse yooj yim ntawm cov nyiaj pab tsim tawm ntau xyoo dhau los los muab kev siv hluav taws xob, kev ruaj ntseg hluav taws xob, thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev pabcuam. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab (RETs) tau ntsib kev txo nqi thiab tau tsim lawv tus kheej raws li kev ntseeg tau thiab kev siv cov peev txheej hauv zos. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, RETs xws li biomass, hnub ci thiab cua tau raug soj ntsuam txhawm rau txhawm rau pab hauv Amazon Kev Hloov Hloov Hluav Taws Xob, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav tau nthuav tawm ntawm no.
Biomass:Tsuas yog ib haiv neeg tsawg ntawm cov zej zog nyob rau hauv kev sib cais muaj peev xwm txaus los tsim lub zog siv biomass ntau lawm los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov qoob loo tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam, suav nrog qos yaj ywm, açaí, pobkws, txiv tsawb, thiab qos yaj ywm, thiab lwm yam. Kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov ntoo seem, tau los ntawm cov sawmills uas muaj kev tswj xyuas kom ruaj khov thiab kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lawv cov khoom yog qee yam tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam, uas pom muaj nyob hauv ib qhov chaw (Itacoatiara - AM) ua haujlwm hauv Amazon (www. itacoatiara.com.br).
Cua:Lub cheeb tsam Amazon muaj qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo cua nrawm (tsawg dua 4 m / s), uas, ua ke nrog kev nkag mus tau yooj yim thiab tsis muaj qhov ntsuas hauv cov zej zog uas nyob sib cais, ua rau cua zog tsim tsis muaj kev sib tw hauv cheeb tsam.
Photovoltaics:Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci muaj ntau thiab sib npaug thoob plaws Amazon; Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo thoob ntiaj teb kab rov tav irradiation yog tshaj 1700 kWh / m2.xyoo. Hnub ci zog yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas yooj yim rau nruab thiab tsis tshua muaj txij nkawm, tab sis thev naus laus zis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb, uas yog qhov xav tau ntawm cheeb tsam loj. Rau kev siv cov nroj tsuag hnub ci hauv Amazon, peb txoj kev xaiv yog ua tau: i) centralized, hauv av-mounted PV nroj tsuag, ii) floating hnub ci PV nroj tsuag, thiab iii) me me faib photovoltaic systems (ru tsev lossis hauv av, suav nrog agrivoltaics).
Qhov loj-chaw, nruab nrab hauv av-mounted kev xaiv khiav mus rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb txwv, uas yog qhov muaj cov chaw tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm thaj chaw siv hnub ci PV nroj tsuag yam tsis muaj hav zoov ntxiv. Amazon rainforest yog tuab heev nrog cov ntoo siab, thiab qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem, txij li rau ntau qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj. Agrivoltaics tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no, koom nrog kev tsim hluav taws xob PV thiab kev siv av kom ruaj khov.
Floating PV systems, uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv ze ntawm qhov chaw zoo ntawm cov zej zog nyob ib leeg, yog lwm txoj hauv kev. Floating PV yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj neeg coob coob thiab tsis tshua muaj thaj av xws li Singapore thiab Nyiv, thiab feem ntau yog ntsia rau hauv pas dej los yog reservoirs, qhov chaw ntawm cov dej tseem, nrog dej txav tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog cua hauv zos. Cov kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhim kho ntab PV systems raws li ceev ceev-tam sim no Amazon dej hiav txwv yog ntsib nrog zoo heev tsis kam thiab tsis ntseeg los ntawm lub ntsiab thiab feem ntau ntsib manufacturers ntawm floating systems.
Qhov thib peb kev xaiv rau PV tiam yog lub ru tsev faib kev daws teeb meem uas feem ntau xa mus rau hauv nroog, nrog ntau tshaj 2 lab kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm hauv Brazilian kev sib txuas hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob. Kev tshuaj xyuas ua los ntawm Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) qhia tias muaj pes tsawg lub ru tsev uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov zej zog uas nyob sib cais no tuaj yeem lav qhov feem pua ntawm kev pabcuam rau cov kab ke sib cais. Qhov kev xaiv kuj nthuav qhia cov kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb, vim tias rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm PV hauv ntau lub tshuab, yuav tsum muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm loj hauv zos rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas tom ntej.
Cov tsev nyob ib txwm nyob hauv cov zej zog cov neeg tau nyiaj tsawg no siv cov nplais qis fiber ntau cement ru tsev, mounted ntawm cov ntoo uas tsis muaj zog uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov 20-25 kg / m.2ntxiv load imposed los ntawm cov raug PV module ntxiv rau txhuas qauv siv nyob rau hauv ru tsev PV. Txhawm rau ua kom lub ru tsev PV kev koom ua ke nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, fiber ntau cement PV ru tsev vuas tau tsim los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws fiber ntau cement ru tsev pobzeb hauv Brazil, thiab yog nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua siab ntev thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm Solar Energy Laboratory ntawm Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Qhov hnyav ntxiv ntawm cov kab txaij ntawm 1/6 txiav lub hnub ci ntawm lub ru tsev zaum kawg yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab kev hloov ntawm ntau cov vuas PV ntawm cov ru tsev uas twb muaj lawm yog ncaj nraim. Cov nqi uas xav tau yog qis dua li cov txheej txheem PV ru tsev, tab sis kev nce qib yog tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau nkag mus rau PV hlwb ntawm cov nqi sib tw.
Hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov xwm txheej no rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv lub zog hauv nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, muaj thiab kev ntseeg siab yam tsis tau tshem tawm thaj chaw hav zoov ntxiv. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab faib rau saum lub ru tsev thiab hauv agrivoltaic systems.
Sau: Prof. Andrew Blakers / ANU) & Prof. Ricardo Rüther (UFSC).
